Abstract Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) can improve the road safety by transmitting safety-critical messages such as beacons and emergency messages. IEEE 802. 11p VANETs have adopted the copyright sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism for the multiple access control. https://www.roneverhart.com/HP-Pavilion-15-eg2373cl-15-6-FHD-Touch-Laptop-Intel-Core-i7-1255U-3-50-GHz-GeForce-MX550-16GB-DDR4-512GB-SSD-Windows--p8309/